ABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to determine the distribution area of tarek (Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814)) and to define how it must be called according to the scientific name by evaluating its previous studies made by various systematisers and their reports on its distribution, and by comparing literature knowledge. The taxonomic characteristics of the collected samples were evaluated and several measurements and counts were taken on the samples; analfin origin 0-4 scales behind dorsal fin-base; 72-91 lateral line scales; 21-29 gill rakers; 7½-10 branched dorsal-fin rays and 10-12½ branched anal-fin rays. Body and caudal peduncle was moderately compressed. Body was covered by overlapping scales. Tarek has five different populations in the Basin. They are Van, Erçek, Nazik and Aygır Lakes and Koçköprü Dam Lake populations. The main living area of the tarek population is Lake Van; however, between May and June, mature individuals of tarek enter to tributaries of Van Lake. Some of them are Karasu, Bendimahi, Deliçay, Zilan, Karmuç, Sapur, Yanıkçay, Gevaş, Engil, Kurubaş and Akköprü Streams. At the end of study, it was concluded that tarek should be called as Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) and it is an endemic fish species distributed only in Van Lake Basin.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a área de distribuição de tarek (Alburnus tarichi) (Güldenstädt, 1814) e definir como deve ser chamado de acordo com o nome científico, avaliando estudos anteriores feitos por vários sistematizadores e seus relatórios sobre sua distribuição, e comparando o conhecimento da literatura. As características taxonômicas das amostras coletadas foram avaliadas e várias medições e contagens foram realizadas nas amostras, como origem analfin 0-4 escalas atrás da base da barbatana dorsal; 72-91 escalas de linha lateral; 21-29 rakers branquiais; 7½-10 raios da nadadeira dorsal ramificada, e 10-12½ raios da nadadeira anal ramificados. Pedúnculo caudal e corporal foram moderadamente comprimidos. O corpo estava coberto por escamas sobrepostas. Tarek tem cinco populações diferentes na bacia estudada. São as populações dos lagos Van, Erçek, Nazik e Aygır, e Koçköprü barragem. A principal área de presença da população tarek é o Lago Van; no entanto, entre maio e junho, indivíduos maduros de tarek entram nos afluentes do lago Van. Alguns deles são os fluxos Karasu, Bendimahi, Deliçay, Zilan, Karmuç, Sapur, Yanıkçay, Gevaş, Engil, Kurubaş e Akköprü. No final do estudo, concluiu-se que tarek deveria ser chamado Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) e que é uma espécie de peixe endêmica distribuída apenas na Bacia do Lago Van.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cyprinidae , Lakes , Rivers , GillsABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to determine the distribution area of tarek (Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814)) and to define how it must be called according to the scientific name by evaluating its previous studies made by various systematisers and their reports on its distribution, and by comparing literature knowledge. The taxonomic characteristics of the collected samples were evaluated and several measurements and counts were taken on the samples; analfin origin 0-4 scales behind dorsal fin-base; 72-91 lateral line scales; 21-29 gill rakers; 7½-10 branched dorsal-fin rays and 10-12½ branched anal-fin rays. Body and caudal peduncle was moderately compressed. Body was covered by overlapping scales. Tarek has five different populations in the Basin. They are Van, Erçek, Nazik and Aygr Lakes and Koçköprü Dam Lake populations. The main living area of the tarek population is Lake Van; however, between May and June, mature individuals of tarek enter to tributaries of Van Lake. Some of them are Karasu, Bendimahi, Deliçay, Zilan, Karmuç, Sapur, Yankçay, Geva, Engil, Kuruba and Akköprü Streams. At the end of study, it was concluded that tarek should be called as Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) and it is an endemic fish species distributed only in Van Lake Basin.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a área de distribuição de tarek (Alburnus tarichi) (Güldenstädt, 1814) e definir como deve ser chamado de acordo com o nome científico, avaliando estudos anteriores feitos por vários sistematizadores e seus relatórios sobre sua distribuição, e comparando o conhecimento da literatura. As características taxonômicas das amostras coletadas foram avaliadas e várias medições e contagens foram realizadas nas amostras, como origem analfin 0-4 escalas atrás da base da barbatana dorsal; 72-91 escalas de linha lateral; 21-29 rakers branquiais; 7½-10 raios da nadadeira dorsal ramificada, e 10-12½ raios da nadadeira anal ramificados. Pedúnculo caudal e corporal foram moderadamente comprimidos. O corpo estava coberto por escamas sobrepostas. Tarek tem cinco populações diferentes na bacia estudada. São as populações dos lagos Van, Erçek, Nazik e Aygr, e Koçköprü barragem. A principal área de presença da população tarek é o Lago Van; no entanto, entre maio e junho, indivíduos maduros de tarek entram nos afluentes do lago Van. Alguns deles são os fluxos Karasu, Bendimahi, Deliçay, Zilan, Karmuç, Sapur, Yankçay, Geva, Engil, Kuruba e Akköprü. No final do estudo, concluiu-se que tarek deveria ser chamado Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814) e que é uma espécie de peixe endêmica distribuída apenas na Bacia do Lago Van.
ABSTRACT
A total of 76 premature newborn infants with gestational age of 34 weeks or less were enrolled in a randomized controlled study to determine whether intravenously administrated immunoglobulin (IVIG) is able to prevent nosocomial sepsis. Forty infants were given 0.5 g/kg IVIG on the first day of life and 36 infants with similar gestational age and birth weight were selected as controls and did not receive IVIG. The frequency of proven sepsis, with a positive blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture, was significantly lower in infants who received IVIG as compared to controls (42.5 vs 80.0%) (p < 0.01). The mortality rate attributable to infection was not different in IVIG recipients and in controls (41 vs 48%) (p > 0.05). The overall mortality rates in the two groups were not different either (35.0 vs 44.4%) (p > 0.05). The majority of micro-organisms isolated from the blood culture of the patients were gram negative microorganisms (Klebsiella, Enterobacter). IVIG therapy was believed to be effective for prophylaxis of nosocomial infection, but such therapy was not able to reduce overall mortality rate or mortality rate due to systemic infection in prematurely born infants in our intensive care unit where the causative pathogens are usually gram negative microorganisms.